Mapangidwe ake ndi mfundo ya turbocharger

The exhaust gasiturbocharger imakhala ndi magawo awiri: turbine yotulutsa mpweya ndikompresa. Nthawi zambiri, turbine yotulutsa mpweya imakhala kumanja ndipo kompresa ili kumanzere. Iwo ndi coaxial. Chophimba cha turbine chimapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosamva kutentha kwa alloy cast. Kumapeto kwa mpweya kumalumikizidwa ndi chitoliro chotulutsa mpweya, ndipo cholumikizira mpweya chimalumikizidwa ndi doko lotulutsa injini ya dizilo. Kumapeto kwa mpweya wa compressor kumalumikizidwa ndi fyuluta ya mpweya wa injini ya dizilo yolowera mpweya, ndipo kumapeto kwa mpweya kumalumikizidwa ndi chitoliro cha cylinder air inlet.

1. Kutulutsa mpweya wamagetsi

The exhaust gas turbine nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi aturbine nyumba, mphete yamphuno ndi chowongolera chogwira ntchito. Mphete yamphuno imakhala ndi mphete yamkati ya nozzle, mphete yakunja ndi masamba a nozzle. Njira yopangidwa ndi ma nozzles imachepa kuchokera polowera kupita ku potulukira. Chotsitsa chogwirira ntchito chimapangidwa ndi chosinthira ndi chowongolera, ndipo masamba ogwirira ntchito amakhazikika pamphepete mwakunja kwa chosinthira. Mphete yamphuno ndi cholumikizira choyandikana nacho chimapanga "siteji". Makina opangira magetsi okhala ndi gawo limodzi lokha amatchedwa turbine yagawo limodzi. Ma supercharger ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ma turbine agawo limodzi.

Mfundo yogwira ntchito ya turbine yotulutsa mpweya ndi motere: Pameneinjini ya dizilo ikugwira ntchito, mpweya wotulutsa mpweya umadutsa mutoliro wa utsi ndikuyenda mu mphete ya nozzle pa kuthamanga kwina ndi kutentha. Popeza dera la mphete ya nozzle limachepa pang'onopang'ono, kuthamanga kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya mu mphete ya nozzle kumawonjezeka (ngakhale kuthamanga kwake ndi kuchepa kwa kutentha). Mpweya wothamanga kwambiri womwe umatuluka mumphuno umalowa mumtsinje wothamanga muzitsulo zazitsulo, ndipo mpweya umakakamizika kutembenuka. Chifukwa cha mphamvu ya centrifugal, mpweya wothamanga umakankhira kumalo otsetsereka a tsamba ndikuyesera kuchoka pa tsamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kusiyana kwapakati pakati pa concave ndi convex pamwamba pa tsamba. Mphamvu yotsatizana yomwe imagwira pamasamba onse imatulutsa torque pamtengo wozungulira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chowongoleracho chizizungulira molunjika ku torque, ndiyeno Mpweya wotulutsa mpweya womwe umatuluka kuchokera ku choyikapo umatuluka kuchokera pa doko lotayirira kudzera munjira ya torque. pakati pa turbine.

2. Compressor

Compressor imapangidwa makamaka ndi cholowera mpweya, chowongolera chogwira ntchito, diffuser ndi turbine housing. Thekompresa ndi coaxial ndi turbine yotulutsa mpweya ndipo imayendetsedwa ndi turbine yotulutsa mpweya kuti izungulire turbine yogwira ntchito mwachangu kwambiri. Makina opangira ntchito ndiye chigawo chachikulu cha kompresa. Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi gudumu lolowera kutsogolo ndi gudumu lotseguka logwira ntchito. Zigawo ziwirizi zimayikidwa motsatira pa shaft yozungulira. Masamba owongoka amakonzedwa mozungulira pa gudumu logwira ntchito, ndipo njira yowonjezera mpweya imapangidwa pakati pa tsamba lililonse. Chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa gudumu logwira ntchito, mpweya wolowetsa umaponderezedwa chifukwa cha mphamvu ya centrifugal ndipo umaponyedwa pamphepete mwa kunja kwa gudumu logwira ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuthamanga, kutentha ndi kuthamanga kwa mpweya kuchuluke. Mpweya ukamayenda kudzera mu diffuser, mphamvu ya kinetic ya mlengalenga imasinthidwa kukhala mphamvu yokakamiza chifukwa cha kufalikira. Mu kutopaturbine nyumba, mphamvu ya kinetic ya mumlengalenga imasinthidwa pang'onopang'ono kukhala mphamvu ya kuthamanga. Mwanjira iyi, kachulukidwe ka mpweya wa injini ya dizilo amakula kwambiri kudzera pa kompresa.